Reference On Energy From Friction, Part 3 | From - Expert Contractors

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Resistance

In a hydraulic procedure, the flood of fluid is impeded or resisted by friction between the barricade of the pipeline, equipment and other turns and offsets. In the same mode, the pour of flow in a tour (electrical wiring installation) is also impeded or resisted by the chain, transformer and other policy. This is called Impedance, the electrical time for Friction in AC electricity. In a turn present DC track, this Impedance is called Resistance. However, both are uttered in the group of degree called Ohms.

Just as in a hydraulic system, the amount of water flowing is proportional with the pressure and inversely proportional with the friction. Similarly, in electric circuit, the current is proportional with the voltage and inversely proportional with the circuit resistance or load.


Thus:

1. The Higher the Voltage, the Larger the Current
2. The Higher the Resistance, the Lower the Current.

Their relationship may be expressed by the following equation know as the Ohms Law.

I = V/R

Where:

I = current
V = voltage
R = resistance for DC electricity

For AC electricity, the Ohms Law is expressed as :

I = V/Z

Where:

I = current
V = voltage
Z = impedance

The unit of current is the ampere (amp. or a.)

1.4 Comparison of AC and DC Electricity

Under the principles of DC electricity. Power is the product of voltage and Current.

Watts = Volts x Amperes

Under the principle of AC electricity, the product of volts and amperes is equal tot he quantity called volt-ampere (v.a.) which is not the same as watt. Thus:

Volt Amperes = Volts x Amperes

And to convert volt-amperes to watts or power, a power factor (pf) is introduced. And to get power in an AC circuit, we have the following formula:

Watts = Vots x Amperes x power factor

W = V x I x pf

1.5 The Ohms Law

In 1926, George Simon Ohm, a German scientist, discovered the relationship between the Current, Voltage and Resistance now referred to as the Ohms Law which states that:

"The higher the voltage, the larger the current, and the higher the resistance the lower the current."

The relationship between the current, voltage and resistance is presented in the following equations know as the Ohms Law.

I = V/R

Where:
I = Current flow (amperes)
V = Electromotive force (volts)
R = Resistance (Ohms)

1.6 Series and Parallel Circuit

A circuit components can be arranged in several ways but with two fundamentals types of connections, namely:

1. Series Circuit
2. Parallel Circuit

In Series Connection, a single path exist for current flow that is, the elements are arranged in a series one after the other with no branches. Being a single path in a series arrangement, voltage and resistance simply adds, thus:

Voltage total V1 = V1 + V2 + V3........

Resistance R1 = R1 +R2 +R3.........

In parallel circuit it sometimes referred to a as multiple connections where the loads are placed across the same voltage constituting a separate circuit. In hydraulic analogy, the connections are similar to branching pipe arrangement. Parallel Circuit is the standard arrangement for house wiring connection wherein the lights constitute one parallel grouping and the convenience wall outlets constitute the second parallel grouping.

The fundamental principle under this type of circuitry is that: " loads in parallel are additive for current, and that each has the same voltage imposed."

Examining expand the Ohms Law as previously discussed. Present is inversely proportional to the resistance. As resistance increases, recent decreases. When current rises directly to a very high glassy, the conditions will constitute a short tour. Hence, it is mandatory for all trip to be secluded by fuse or circuit wave that automatically open and disable the line in holder of a flaw or short circuit.